Cross-Border Healthcare Collaboration and Surveillance Systems for MPOX Control between Kenya and Uganda: A Case Study of Busia County

Abstract

Recent Mpox (Monkeypox) cases in Kenya, particularly in Busia County bordering Uganda, highlight challenges in cross-border infectious disease control. Despite its increasing prevalence, research and awareness of Mpox remain limited, with misinformation hindering prevention efforts. This study assessed the effectiveness of cross-border healthcare collaboration in Mpox response, focusing on surveillance, challenges, and strategies for improvement. Using a descriptive cross-sectional approach, 200 healthcare workers (100 from Kenya, 100 from Uganda) were selected via stratified random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using R software, employing descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Findings revealed that 55.6% of respondents believed Kenya and Uganda share resources fairly, while border health posts were viewed as similarly effective in both countries. However, a lack of trained personnel was a major barrier, cited by 30% of Kenyan and 28% of Ugandan respondents. Additionally, 75% supported infrastructure improvements and enhanced border health monitoring for better Mpox control. Despite existing collaboration, poor infrastructure, insufficient funding, and corruption weaken its effectiveness. Communication and data exchange remain limited, and gender disparities exist in healthcare roles. While border health posts aid Mpox detection, gaps persist in contact tracing and community engagement. The study recommends strengthening Kenya-Uganda agreements for standardized Mpox response, investing in digital surveillance technologies, training healthcare personnel, and utilizing mobile health solutions for improved reporting and case tracking.