http://41.89.205.12/handle/123456789/171 2026-08-08T13:39:40Z http://41.89.205.12/handle/123456789/2883 Community Radio and Development Communication in Urban Informal Settlements: Evidence from Pamoja FM in Kibera, Nairobi Manje, Dr. Isaac Community radio is widely recognized as a participatory medium capable of amplifying marginalized voices and supporting grassroots development. However, empirical evidence on how community radio operationalizes development communication in urban informal settlements remains limited. This study examines the messages, radio programmes, and community initiatives of Pamoja FM that are focused on development. Pamoja FM is a community radio station serving Kibera, Nairobi's largest informal settlement. Guided by participatory communication and social capital perspectives, the study adopts a qualitative case study design, drawing on in-depth interviews with station staff, focus group discussions with regular listeners, and documentary analysis. The findings show that Pamoja FM integrates development communication through participatory programming, strategic partnerships with community-based organizations, and audience-driven initiatives addressing health, economic empowerment, governance, gender equality, youth engagement, and social cohesion. Programmes such as Tuamke Pamoja, Mwanamke Mwangaza, and Pass the Mic function as platforms for dialogue, mobilization, and collective problem solving. While listeners report increased awareness, motivation, and community engagement, the station's developmental potential is constrained by financial limitations, infrastructural challenges, and regulatory pressures. The study contributes to scholarship on community radio and development communication by demonstrating how locally embedded media practices foster social capital and participatory development in urban slum contexts. Community radio is widely recognized as a participatory medium capable of amplifying marginalized voices and supporting grassroots development. However, empirical evidence on how community radio operationalizes development communication in urban informal settlements remains limited. This study examines the messages, radio programmes, and community initiatives of Pamoja FM that are focused on development. Pamoja FM is a community radio station serving Kibera, Nairobi's largest informal settlement. Guided by participatory communication and social capital perspectives, the study adopts a qualitative case study design, drawing on in-depth interviews with station staff, focus group discussions with regular listeners, and documentary analysis. The findings show that Pamoja FM integrates development communication through participatory programming, strategic partnerships with community-based organizations, and audience-driven initiatives addressing health, economic empowerment, governance, gender equality, youth engagement, and social cohesion. Programmes such as Tuamke Pamoja, Mwanamke Mwangaza, and Pass the Mic function as platforms for dialogue, mobilization, and collective problem solving. While listeners report increased awareness, motivation, and community engagement, the station's developmental potential is constrained by financial limitations, infrastructural challenges, and regulatory pressures. The study contributes to scholarship on community radio and development communication by demonstrating how locally embedded media practices foster social capital and participatory development in urban slum contexts. 2026-01-05T00:00:00Z http://41.89.205.12/handle/123456789/2881 Multi-Path Sustainable Digital Entrepreneurship Value Creation Model for Resource-Constrained Ecosystems Omoga, Charles; Ong'ang’a, Peter; Kosgei, Nehemiah; Mengwa, Victor Sustainable Digital Entrepreneurship (SDE), Frugal Digital Innovation, ResourceConstrained Ecosystems, Value Creation Model, Mixed-Methods, Resource-Based View (RBV) According to the western-centric paradigm, the success of digital ventures requires the implementation of complex and capital-intensive technologies. However, there is a conundrum regarding the need for small and medium enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa to overcome extreme institutional gaps, low broadband penetration rates and limited access to funds, while simultaneously needing to have global standards for socio-environmental tracking for their patient funding. This study proposes and empirically tests an integrative model of Sustainable Digital Entrepreneurship (SDE) in the challenging context of Western Kenya. Following a mixed-methods approach, qualitative data from 18 purposefully selected, successful sustainable digital entrepreneurs, analysed using NVivo 14 software, are paired with quantitative data from a snowball sample of 30 digital entrepreneurs. Analysis includes descriptive statistics, regressions, and a correlation matrix. The conceptual framework of the underlying model combines the Resource-Based View (RBV), Institutional Theory, and Stakeholder Theory. The finding suggests that Socio-Environmental Value Creation (SEVC) is significantly and highly associated with the level of execution of Sustainable Digital Entrepreneurship activities (r = 0.68, p < 0.01). A robust co-mediation mechanism is present, indicating that SEVC is significantly affected by such factors as Frugal Digital Capability (r = 0.61), Community Engagement (r = 0.55), and Local Institutional Support (r = 0.50). Optimised SMS-based services, light USSD architectures, as well as offline-first mobile apps are some examples of a frugal approach, which enabled entrepreneurs to receive the highest score of 4.8 out of 5.0. Moreover, it was found that a significant and high correlation exists between the practice of tracking sustainability performance (r = 0.68) and the level of overall business performance of those digital entrepreneurs who actively track their sustainability performance. This study challenges the Resource-Based View assumptions of focusing on assets, since it suggests low-threshold digital designs can work well in resource-poor environments. It practically results in a region-specific scorecard, which decreases the information asymmetry when considering the investment of impact investors and offers a comprehensive socio-environmental evaluation score for policymakers. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://41.89.205.12/handle/123456789/2877 Enhancing data integrity in governance of collaborative research: Blockchain, regulatory compliance, and challenges in Kenya and Africa Otibine, Tobias Okumu; Wanyonyi, Michael Shinachi The increasing reliance on data-intensive collaborative research has intensified concerns regarding data integrity, governance, and regulatory compliance, particularly in multi-institutional and cross-border environments. This study critically examines how blockchain technology can enhance data integrity within collaborative research governance, with a focus on Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) and comparative African contexts. A qualitative systematic review methodology was employed, drawing on peer-reviewed journal articles (2022–2025) sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, African Journals Online (AJOL), and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing blockchain, data governance, and regulatory compliance in research and data-intensive environments. Findings indicate that key challenges to data integrity include inconsistent data validation, fragmented data systems, jurisdictional regulatory conflicts, and weak enforcement of governance frameworks. While blockchain presents opportunities through immutability, traceability, and decentralized control, its application introduces tensions with legal frameworks such as the Kenya Data Protection Act (2019) and the General Data Protection Regulation, particularly regarding the right to erasure. Evidence from Kenyan and broader African studies demonstrates that permissioned blockchain systems, combined with smart contracts, can enhance auditability, enforce compliance, and mitigate disputes over data ownership in collaborative research. The study concludes that blockchain is not a standalone solution but a complementary governance tool that must be integrated with robust legal, institutional, and technical frameworks. It recommends the development of standardized data governance protocols, regulatory harmonization across jurisdictions, and capacity building within research institutions to ensure sustainable adoption The increasing reliance on data-intensive collaborative research has intensified concerns regarding data integrity, governance, and regulatory compliance, particularly in multi-institutional and cross-border environments. This study critically examines how blockchain technology can enhance data integrity within collaborative research governance, with a focus on Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) and comparative African contexts. A qualitative systematic review methodology was employed, drawing on peer-reviewed journal articles (2022–2025) sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, African Journals Online (AJOL), and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing blockchain, data governance, and regulatory compliance in research and data-intensive environments. Findings indicate that key challenges to data integrity include inconsistent data validation, fragmented data systems, jurisdictional regulatory conflicts, and weak enforcement of governance frameworks. While blockchain presents opportunities through immutability, traceability, and decentralized control, its application introduces tensions with legal frameworks such as the Kenya Data Protection Act (2019) and the General Data Protection Regulation, particularly regarding the right to erasure. Evidence from Kenyan and broader African studies demonstrates that permissioned blockchain systems, combined with smart contracts, can enhance auditability, enforce compliance, and mitigate disputes over data ownership in collaborative research. The study concludes that blockchain is not a standalone solution but a complementary governance tool that must be integrated with robust legal, institutional, and technical frameworks. It recommends the development of standardized data governance protocols, regulatory harmonization across jurisdictions, and capacity building within research institutions to ensure sustainable adoption. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://41.89.205.12/handle/123456789/2873 Combinatorial Properties, Invariants and Structures of the Action of Sn×An on X×Y Mutua, Amo The transitivity, primitivity, rank and subdegrees, as well as pairing of the suborbits associated with the action of the actions of the direct product𝑆𝑆𝑛𝑛×𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛, of the symmetric group 𝑆𝑆𝑛𝑛by the alternating group 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛alternating on the Cartesian product𝑋𝑋×𝑌𝑌, where 𝑋𝑋={𝑥𝑥1,𝑥𝑥2, . . . ,𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛} and 𝑌𝑌={𝑦𝑦1,𝑦𝑦2, . . . ,𝑦𝑦𝑛𝑛} are disjoint sets each containing n elements is an area that has never received attention from researchers for a very long time. In this paper, we prove that the action is both transitive and imprimitive when𝑛𝑛≥3. Also, we establish that that the rank is 6 if𝑛𝑛=3, but is 4 for all 𝑛𝑛≥3. In addition, we show in this paper that the subdegrees associated with the action are 1,(𝑛𝑛−1), (𝑛𝑛−1), (𝑛𝑛−1)2. Lastly, we show that all the suborbits corresponding to the action, are self-paired when 𝑛𝑛≥ 4. The transitivity, primitivity, rank and subdegrees, as well as pairing of the suborbits associated with the action of the actions of the direct product𝑆𝑆𝑛𝑛×𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛, of the symmetric group 𝑆𝑆𝑛𝑛by the alternating group 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛alternating on the Cartesian product𝑋𝑋×𝑌𝑌, where 𝑋𝑋={𝑥𝑥1,𝑥𝑥2, . . . ,𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛} and 𝑌𝑌={𝑦𝑦1,𝑦𝑦2, . . . ,𝑦𝑦𝑛𝑛} are disjoint sets each containing n elements is an area that has never received attention from researchers for a very long time. In this paper, we prove that the action is both transitive and imprimitive when𝑛𝑛≥3. Also, we establish that that the rank is 6 if𝑛𝑛=3, but is 4 for all 𝑛𝑛≥3. In addition, we show in this paper that the subdegrees associated with the action are 1,(𝑛𝑛−1), (𝑛𝑛−1), (𝑛𝑛−1)2. Lastly, we show that all the suborbits corresponding to the action, are self-paired when 𝑛𝑛≥ 4. 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z