http://41.89.205.12/handle/123456789/17 2026-07-17T08:18:25Z 2026-07-17T08:18:25Z Etindi, Rickson http://41.89.205.12/handle/123456789/2851 2026-06-09T12:13:06Z 2026-05-22T00:00:00Z

The role of ball games for visually impaired Students within Kenyan Universities Etindi, Rickson This study examined the role of ball games in promoting inclusive education and enhancing sports participation among visually impaired students in Kenyan universities. Specifically, it assessed the accessibility of adaptive sports programmes, participation levels, and institutional factors influencing engagement. A convergent mixed-methods design was employed to collect and integrate quantitative and qualitative data. The study involved 42 purposively selected respondents drawn from public and private universities, including sports directors, coaches/trainers, and visually impaired student representatives. Data were collected using structured questionnaires containing 5-point Likert-scale items and open-ended questions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests, including the Friedman test, one-sample t-tests, and chi-square tests, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed low levels of accessibility and participation in adaptive sports programmes across the sampled universities. Results indicated uniformly poor perceptions of accessibility features, infrastructure, and support systems. Participation rates were generally low, with most respondents reporting infrequent involvement in sports activities. Inferential analyses showed no significant differences in perceptions of engagement and institutional support. Qualitative findings identified inadequate funding, limited adaptive sports equipment, inaccessible facilities, and weak institutional commitment as major barriers to participation. The study concludes that persistent structural and policy related challenges continue to hinder inclusive sports participation among visually impaired students. It recommends increased investment in adaptive sports facilities, provision of specialized equipment, and stronger institutional policies to promote inclusive sports programmes in Kenyan universities. This study examined the role of ball games in promoting inclusive education and enhancing sports participation among visually impaired students in Kenyan universities. Specifically, it assessed the accessibility of adaptive sports programmes, participation levels, and institutional factors influencing engagement. A convergent mixed-methods design was employed to collect and integrate quantitative and qualitative data. The study involved 42 purposively selected respondents drawn from public and private universities, including sports directors, coaches/trainers, and visually impaired student representatives. Data were collected using structured questionnaires containing 5-point Likert-scale items and open-ended questions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests, including the Friedman test, one-sample t-tests, and chi-square tests, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed low levels of accessibility and participation in adaptive sports programmes across the sampled universities. Results indicated uniformly poor perceptions of accessibility features, infrastructure, and support systems. Participation rates were generally low, with most respondents reporting infrequent involvement in sports activities. Inferential analyses showed no significant differences in perceptions of engagement and institutional support. Qualitative findings identified inadequate funding, limited adaptive sports equipment, inaccessible facilities, and weak institutional commitment as major barriers to participation. The study concludes that persistent structural and policy related challenges continue to hinder inclusive sports participation among visually impaired students. It recommends increased investment in adaptive sports facilities, provision of specialized equipment, and stronger institutional policies to promote inclusive sports programmes in Kenyan universities.

2026-05-22T00:00:00Z Asenahabi, Bostley Muyembe Muhambe, Titus Mukisa http://41.89.205.12/handle/123456789/2850 2026-05-05T10:43:11Z 2026-04-01T00:00:00Z

Quality Control Strategies for Research Data Collection Instruments Asenahabi, Bostley Muyembe; Muhambe, Titus Mukisa Quality control in data collection instruments is vital for ensuring the integrity and applicability of research findings. Poorly validated or unreliable tools can compromise measurement accuracy, weaken causal inferences, and limit generalizability. To achieve quality studies, researchers should integrate multiple forms of validity testing, such as face, content, construct, and criterion validity, alongside diverse reliability assessments such as internal consistency, test–retest, and inter-rater reliability. This ensures instruments comprehensively measure intended constructs and consistently yield stable results across contexts. At the study level, internal validity can be strengthened through randomization, control groups, standardized procedures, and elimination of confounders. External validity can be achieved through representative sampling, replication across diverse contexts, ecological relevance, and cross-validation. Together, these strategies minimize measurement error, enhance reproducibility, and advance methodological rigor. This ultimately safeguards the credibility and impact of empirical research

2026-04-01T00:00:00Z Jerop, (PhD) Dr. Caren busolo, (PhD) Prof. Hillary http://41.89.205.12/handle/123456789/2849 2026-04-22T09:53:40Z 2025-08-16T00:00:00Z

Towards Transformative Impact: Assessing the Reciprocity and Effectiveness of Environmental Sustainability and Community Engagement Initiatives at Alupe University in Busia County, Kenya Jerop, (PhD) Dr. Caren; busolo, (PhD) Prof. Hillary This study investigates the current state of environmental sustainability practices and community engagement at Alupe University in Busia County, western Kenya. The study research questions were, what are the current environmental sustainability practices at Alupe University, and what key areas need improvement? how can a comprehensive green strategy that includes waste management, energy efficiency, and sustainable resource use be developed for Alupe University? And how can the university community effectively engage in sustainable practices through education, awareness programs, and active participation in green initiatives? Through a structured questionnaire administered to 163 members of the university community, the research assessed current waste management, energy use, sustainability awareness; development of a green strategy; and community involvement in environmental sustainability. The findings reveal a significant gap between the expressed desire for sustainability and current practices, highlighting challenges such as inadequate waste management infrastructure, limited adoption of energy-efficient measures, and infrastructural and resource constraints hindering the implementation of green initiatives. Despite these challenges, the study identifies strong community support for integrating sustainability into university policies and a willingness to participate in green activities. Based on these findings, the paper proposes actionable recommendations encompassing institutional policy integration, enhanced waste and energy management, green infrastructure development, robust community engagement programs, digital transition, and the establishment of a dedicated sustainability unit for monitoring and evaluation. This study investigates the current state of environmental sustainability practices and community engagement at Alupe University in Busia County, western Kenya. The study research questions were, what are the current environmental sustainability practices at Alupe University, and what key areas need improvement? how can a comprehensive green strategy that includes waste management, energy efficiency, and sustainable resource use be developed for Alupe University? And how can the university community effectively engage in sustainable practices through education, awareness programs, and active participation in green initiatives? Through a structured questionnaire administered to 163 members of the university community, the research assessed current waste management, energy use, sustainability awareness; development of a green strategy; and community involvement in environmental sustainability. The findings reveal a significant gap between the expressed desire for sustainability and current practices, highlighting challenges such as inadequate waste management infrastructure, limited adoption of energy-efficient measures, and infrastructural and resource constraints hindering the implementation of green initiatives. Despite these challenges, the study identifies strong community support for integrating sustainability into university policies and a willingness to participate in green activities. Based on these findings, the paper proposes actionable recommendations encompassing institutional policy integration, enhanced waste and energy management, green infrastructure development, robust community engagement programs, digital transition, and the establishment of a dedicated sustainability unit for monitoring and evaluation.

2025-08-16T00:00:00Z Auma, Dr. Rose Busolo, Dr. Hillary Shitubi, Dr. Isaac Mulindi, Carey Adekhela http://41.89.205.12/handle/123456789/2848 2026-04-22T09:15:46Z 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z

Impact of Communication Strategies on Loan Repayment among Microfinance-Supported Women Groups in Alego Usonga Sub-county, Siaya, Kenya Auma, Dr. Rose; Busolo, Dr. Hillary; Shitubi, Dr. Isaac; Mulindi, Carey Adekhela Access to microcredit is a vital tool for microentrepreneurs seeking to expand their economic activities, generate employment, and alleviate poverty in developing nations. In Kenya, microfinance institutions (MFIs) have expanded access to credit for underserved populations. However, despite the communication strategies implemented by these institutions to promote financial literacy, value addition, budgeting, record-keeping, and loan management among borrowers, there has been a significant rise in loan defaults, particularly among informal sector borrowers. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the communication strategies implemented by MFIs for microfinance-supported women's groups in Alego-Usonga Sub-county, Siaya, Kenya. The objectives of the study were to examine the communication strategies employed by MFIs to communicate with their borrowers in Alego-Usonga sub-county, assess the effect of these strategies on loan borrowers' repayment behavior and to establish perceptions of borrowers and MFIs regarding the effect of the quality of communication between them. The study was grounded in Systems Theory, Transactional Communication Theory, and the Resource-Based Theory. The study employed mixed-methods research, utilizing purposive sampling and stratified sampling, and applied Yamane's formula (1967) to determine a sample size of 110 respondents. Structured questionnaires and Key Informant Interviews were used to collect data from women group clients and MFI staff, respectively. SPSS was used to analyze descriptive statistics, correlation tests and regression analysis, whereas qualitative data was analyzed thematically. A key finding was that repayment improves when communication improves. Borrowers who receive timely, understandable, and respectful information are significantly more likely to repay on time. Transactional and participatory communication models are more effective than top-down or one-way models. Channels that allow borrower input, such as face-to-face meetings, build trust and accountability. Communication strategies that do not adapt to local language, education levels and social norms tend to isolate borrowers and increase default risk. While SMS and mobile apps are efficient, they exclude some borrowers in rural areas, such as Alego Usonga Sub-County, unless digital literacy, device access, and language are considered. Further, there is limited rapport between borrowers and microfinance agents when digital communication is applied in loan recovery. Access to microcredit is a vital tool for microentrepreneurs seeking to expand their economic activities, generate employment, and alleviate poverty in developing nations. In Kenya, microfinance institutions (MFIs) have expanded access to credit for underserved populations. However, despite the communication strategies implemented by these institutions to promote financial literacy, value addition, budgeting, record-keeping, and loan management among borrowers, there has been a significant rise in loan defaults, particularly among informal sector borrowers. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the communication strategies implemented by MFIs for microfinance-supported women's groups in Alego-Usonga Sub-county, Siaya, Kenya. The objectives of the study were to examine the communication strategies employed by MFIs to communicate with their borrowers in Alego-Usonga sub-county, assess the effect of these strategies on loan borrowers' repayment behavior and to establish perceptions of borrowers and MFIs regarding the effect of the quality of communication between them. The study was grounded in Systems Theory, Transactional Communication Theory, and the Resource-Based Theory. The study employed mixed-methods research, utilizing purposive sampling and stratified sampling, and applied Yamane's formula (1967) to determine a sample size of 110 respondents. Structured questionnaires and Key Informant Interviews were used to collect data from women group clients and MFI staff, respectively. SPSS was used to analyze descriptive statistics, correlation tests and regression analysis, whereas qualitative data was analyzed thematically. A key finding was that repayment improves when communication improves. Borrowers who receive timely, understandable, and respectful information are significantly more likely to repay on time. Transactional and participatory communication models are more effective than top-down or one-way models. Channels that allow borrower input, such as face-to-face meetings, build trust and accountability. Communication strategies that do not adapt to local language, education levels and social norms tend to isolate borrowers and increase default risk. While SMS and mobile apps are efficient, they exclude some borrowers in rural areas, such as Alego Usonga Sub-County, unless digital literacy, device access, and language are considered. Further, there is limited rapport between borrowers and microfinance agents when digital communication is applied in loan recovery.

2025-08-01T00:00:00Z